Project Management Principles Evaluative Level

Question: Portray about the Project Management Principles for Evaluative Level . Answer: Presentation The current article is about the reflection on my past experience on venture the board where I needed to manage a basic circumstance. The motivation behind the exposition is to build the capacity to think fundamentally to assess a circumstance, utilize useful information and break down the circumstance with subordinate standards of undertaking the executives hypothesis. The exposition centers around the capacity to consider a specific circumstance. This could assist me with reviewing and assess my inward procedure of reasoning and feeling. The significant point of the article is to pick up the comprehension around three distinct levels, for example, evaluative level, sense-production level and the basic level. This specific paper centers around my taking in understanding from an occasion where I needed to take a shot at film making venture during the semester. A film-production venture requires an elevated level of the executives so as to guarantee a positive result (Garel 2013). All through the course I have found out regarding why venture the executives and what venture the board depend on. I will think about my involvement in the assistance of 5 RS intelligent structure. So as to make a valuable reflection, it is important to apply an orderly procedure for deduction all through the experience (Ryan and Ryan 2013). To introduce my appearance I will utilize the system as it encourages me to provoke concentrated just as reason pondering my experience. The 5Rs structure incorporates revealing, reacting, relating, thinking and recreating (Moon 2013). Short depiction of the occasion In the wake of completing the investigations in secondary school, I have built up another energy, which is filmmaking. I was roused by the chiefs of the motion pictures in Hollywood. I needed to make films; notwithstanding, I didn't have sufficient information about creation films. I realized that putting forth a film requires a great deal of attempt, information and practices too. Thusly, I chose to take a brief timeframe course in filmmaking other than my graduation. The filmmaking venture class was educated through a blend of study hall address, bunch venture execution just as the undertaking introduction. In the talk meeting, we were trough about the historical backdrop of filmmaking, for example, how it appeared. Most homeroom time were ordered into two distinct parts. The primary half contains the talk and in the subsequent half, we were instructed about the undertaking introduction. The undertaking introduction incorporates the pretend, story, cast and others identified with t he filmmaking. Henceforth, I am thinking about the situation of my last venture in filmmaking. A fitting calendar of introduction for all understudy bunch was made toward the start of the course. This calendar causes us to set the arrangement for the venture introduction exercises. In the introduction of the undertaking, we needed to make short-film inside a gathering, how exercises were required to be practical. Along these lines, we needed to invest a great deal of energy to set fitting arrangement for the venture. We were given adequate chance to examine the venture with our gathering individuals. The facilitator were useful and they gave all of us help during the execution of the task. The undertaking execution results formation of a gigantic number archives bye each gathering, which is required to deal with a task. Procedure Documentation Introduction Starting Task Charter Introduction Arranging v Selecting the tale of the film v Selecting the character for the film v Selecting the scenes v Checking the accessibility of the gear v Work Breakdown Structure v Cost Estimation v Checking accessibility of the assets Executing v Monitoring the exercises toward the finish of consistently v Role players are rehearsing their plays Introduction Controlling Including degree for additional exercises, plan, cost, quality, Gantt-Chart Update Introduction Shutting Exhibit of the film to the foundation Introduction Assessing the occasion situation utilizing the writing When the venture has been demonstrated and supported, a legitimate life-cycle model has been chosen to make it simple to begin the arranging of the undertaking. We have made the designs for venture toward the start of undertaking the task. The organization gave a viable blend of hypothetical and genuine learning of filmmaking venture process. Furthermore, I believed that executing the venture would improve my resume by including the introduction to an administration course. Notwithstanding, there have been sure challenges that I needed to experience while executing the task. As the task should be finished by all gathering individuals. In this way, we needed to think about the various feelings. The strategy of framing the gathering permitted us to convey just as work with other than our own individuals from the gathering. Detailing: We were taking a shot at a venture of short film inside a gathering. The task required gigantic exertion and time inside a restricted spending plan. Henceforth, we needed to choose an important story that gives a reasonable message to the general public about sexual orientation difference. Be that as it may, not many of the individuals in the gathering needed to execute the undertaking little contrastingly utilizing the innovation. Nonetheless, we were confronting the money related lack. Consequently, suppositions given by the individuals were not coordinating; in this way, issues of beginning the undertaking with starting arranging showed up. Reacting: Filmmaking was my obsession; in this manner, I just couldn't release the venture, I needed to assume responsibility for the circumstance. In addition, it was our last task of the course. The circumstance was getting hard to deal with, as one single individual may not do a film. Along these lines, I conversed with every individual from the gathering and required a gathering conversation. In the conversation, we tuned in to the assessment of every person. In light of the accessibility of asset, hardware and time, we set a definitive plans and planned the work making a time span. Accordingly, every individual from the gathering needed to manage or play out certain duty. For instance, the couple of individuals from the gathering needed to play out the obligation of choosing the settings for shooting and another two individuals assumed the liability of orchestrating the hardware. I and another two individuals played the job of executives, where we needed to coordinate the undert aking suitably. Some of individuals from the gathering report the accessible spending plans for the task. In like manner, the remainder of the people take different obligations. Relating: While taking a shot at the venture, every part genuinely needed to perform on the undertaking and this was tedious. So as to make the venture practical and give a reasonable and compact message to watchers, we have taken help from our group notes, which we were given during the course. In such setting, we have followed the current instrument of making motion pictures. Making a short film requires center thoughts and strategies; additionally, the financial plans of the task was constrained. One of the fundamental standards followed was to complete the story inside 5 minutes. We have contemplated that the vast majority of the producers in the here and now will in general make the short movies that are as music recordings. By making a video, they pass on the message of the motion pictures. Nonetheless, in our undertaking, we were advised to concentrate on the dramatizations as opposed to making a music video. I comprehend that a film could make not just brief marvel understand ing; it likewise change the atmosphere culture. In this specific circumstance, Rentschler (2013) expressed that a film may present another subject, style or the show that could change the manner by which the pundits, creators and the watchers comprehend the message of the motion pictures and relate them with this present reality circumstance. As the film is generally identified with the diverse way of life and convictions that characterize the human culture, the semiotics just as the explanation stay indistinguishable (Bakker et al. 2013). Thinking The issues of choosing the story, substance, title and assets were making our venture deferred. We set aside a great deal of effort to choose the suitable story since it incorporates the show. Accordingly, actualizing a sensational story in the film inside in a moment was intense. What's more, the cutoff time of the task was wrecking; along these lines, the circumstance turns out to be increasingly troublesome. Thus, I applied my dynamic abilities to determine the issues. We excluded three characters from the job as those characters appeared to be immaterial according to the prerequisite of story. Remaking Eventually, we sifted through the issues with respect to the determination of the story and completed the work according to the timetables. The finishing of the undertaking gave colossal fulfillment as I got numerous chances to learn new things. Presently, in the event that I return to the start of the task I see nothing was leveled out. Things get settled while executing the plans. Be that as it may, we could have done the venture all the more successfully on the off chance that we were given minimal additional time. In my further venture, I would use the encounters that I picked up from this specific undertaking, for example, reproducing the arrangement in the wake of setting the underlying arrangement. This implies dependent on the prerequisite I could change the story and characters. Breaking down the occasion to distinguish approach of adjusting the future result Filmmaking is considered as one of the most mainstream society exercises that could influence a sequential of social, financial and social wonder (Kerzner, 2013). The result of many exploration infer heading out to film to watch motion pictures isn't considered as a confined free wonder (Callan and Thomas 2013). For our situation, we needed to pass on a message to the general public with respect to the sex dissimilarity. We were exceptionally fulfilled chipping away at the undertaking; in any case, there have been sure regions in filmmaking, for example, altering, choosing the music dependent on the pretend and introducing the film in increasingly practical manner, which seemed, by all accounts, to be troublesome. I would make reference to that because of the absence of experience, abilities and certifiable information, we were unable to actualize the plans according to

Coral Reef essays

Coral Reef articles As a matter of first importance, they houses an assortment of differing living beings, and contribute fisheries which give food things, for example, fish, shellfish, and mollusks. Besides, coral skeletons are being utilized as bone substitutes in reconstructive bone medical procedure and might have the option to give significant medication, including against malignancy drugs and an intensify that squares ultra-violet beams, they even assistance decrease a dangerous atmospheric devation by removing carbon dioxide from the air. These reefs give a house to numerous animal groups. On the off chance that the coral reefs were to get wiped out than people in the future would not have the advantages that theories creatures bring to the table, for example, potential prescriptions, bug control, and carbon dioxide control. Fisheries are likewise contributed by corals and on the off chance that they were wiped out would diminish the food source significantly. By not saving corals, we are removin g food straightforwardly from our grandkids' mouths. With the innovation that is quickly being found, we find out increasingly more about what we can do with bone structure and hard corals. At this moment we are doing rebuilding methodology and discovering that bone tissue and veins spread into the coral join and inevitably bone replaces a large portion of the coral embed. Consider what could occur later on, what people in the future could never really bone structure inabilities. The potential outcomes are unfathomable. There is proof that proposes coral reefs might give significant meds, including against malignancy drugs and an intensify that squares out UV beams. Would we truly like to accept that open door away from our relatives? With the ozone layer exhausting increasingly more every day they are going to require all the assurance they need from the sun's hurtful beams. Perhaps a solution for malignant growth, and individuals are treating these living life forms like they are nothing. Perhaps if there was more training individuals wouldn't mess with the subject so. These creatures not just give security from ultra-violet beams they likewise ... <! Coral Reef expositions Most importantly, they houses an assortment of various life forms, and contribute fisheries which give food things, for example, fish, shellfish, and mollusks. Moreover, coral skeletons are being utilized as bone substitutes in reconstructive bone medical procedure and may have the option to give significant medication, including hostile to disease drugs and an intensify that squares ultra-violet beams, they even assistance diminish an unnatural weather change by taking carbon dioxide out These reefs give a house to numerous animal groups. In the event that the coral reefs were to turn into wiped out than people in the future would not have the advantages that proposals creatures need to offer, for example, potential medications, bug control, and carbon dioxide control. Fisheries are likewise contributed by corals and in the event that they were disposed of would lessen the food source incredibly. By not protecting corals, we are removing food legitimately from our With the innovation that is quickly being found, we find out increasingly about what we can do with bone structure and hard corals. At the present time we are doing rebuilding strategies and discovering that bone tissue and veins spread into the coral unite and in the long run bone replaces the vast majority of the coral embed. Consider what could occur later on, what people in the future could never really bone structure incapacities. The potential outcomes are unfathomable. There is proof that recommends coral reefs might give significant medications, including hostile to malignant growth drugs and an exacerbate that squares out UV beams. Do we truly need to accept that open door away from our relatives? With the ozone layer exhausting increasingly more every day they are going to require all the security they need from the sun's unsafe beams. Perhaps a remedy for malignant growth, and individuals are treating these living living beings like they are nothing. Perhaps if there was more instruction individuals wouldn't take These living beings not just give insurance ... <!

Jobs Essays

Employments Essays Employments Essay Employments Essay This Apple must be as famous as the apple that drove Adam and Eve out of Paradise. What's more, the man capable behind the achievement of the popular PC organization is its head, Steven Jobs. The renowned main impetus behind the renaissance of Apple Inc., and the symbol that characterized worldwide computerized diversion and culture. John Markoffs profile on Steve Jobs in the New York Times dated May 24, 2007, maps the big shots lavishly beautiful vocation. Occupations established Apple with Steve Wozniak in 1976, had struggle with Apples official John Sculley and left in 1985, established NeXt PC, at that point in 1986 purchased and restored Lucasfilms PC illustrations division as the activity studio Pixar. Following 10 years in a state of banishment, he rose in 1997 by offering the NeXt working framework to Apple and coming back to the organization to modernize its PCs. From that point forward, Jobs have presented the new Mac, produced the iPod that have withstood monster contenders for quite a long time and keeps on being a symbol in the new ages stylish devices, and have as of late divulged the Apple TV and the iPhone as a major aspect of Apples new frill. Occupations rebound has not been without contention. Mac had the stocks discussion where they had an inward examination with respect to inconsistencies in investment opportunities, however Jobs got away from solid. He was likewise determined to have pancreatic disease in 2004, however endure it. In 2006, he has offered his Pixar studio to Disney and has since joined Disneys directorate. Employments keeps concentrated on Apple however. Steve Jobs is a powerful pioneer for an assortment of reasons: he had vision, he had advancement, he had assurance, he had impact, and above all he had energy. Occupations is known in the business for his administration characteristics, his inspiration to succeed, and his devotion to his work. He trusted in his vision, he realized what he needed Apple to be, and following quite a while of troubles, he had developed victor and have turned the withering organization alive once more. In the first place, he established his own organization with his accomplice Wozniak and employed the individuals he esteemed the best. He was twenty-one years of age when he previously settled Apple, and searched out an accomplished chief to assist him with making his fantasies for the organization materialize. He discovered Sculley, a choice he would later lament when he was sidelined in the organization he helped constructed. In spite of these difficulties, Jobs didn't surrender. He put stock in the intensity of figuring innovation, and proceeded onward from Apple to beginning his own PC organization NeXt and kept at it despite the fact that it didn't have a rewarding business sector. Ten years after, Apple purchased NeXt from Jobs and had him back as CEO to invert Apples close to chapter 11 into productivity. On the off chance that Jobs let go of his vision, he would not have gotten back full reins of Apple since he would have surrendered when he no one put stock in his dynamic co nvictions and thoughts. Similarly, he trusted in advancement. He set out to go where nobody has gone previously. He accepted tasteful plan and forceful showcasing to be as significant as the product and equipment themselves. He didn't forfeit the abilities of an item just to accomplish a specific stylishly satisfying structure, nor did he organize plan over fitness. Rather, he promoted their items to oblige both. He introduced the iPod in the midst of theories that it won't have the option to expose Sonys Discman, regardless of buyer uneasiness that it was not good with existing Microsoft programming, and the dim possibility of purchasing tunes on the web. The iPod has experienced five ages, and as of late discharged the most recent iPod contact, and keeps on being the main music gadget of the age. Occupations showed assurance, one of the primary purposes for his prosperity. He would not acknowledge disappointment unobtrusively he gained from his past missteps and proceeded with what he wanted to do, his enthusiasm. He kept testing and creating PCs considerably after his end at Apple. Further, he extended his points of view and purchased Lucasfilms PC realistic division and repackaged it as Pixar. Pixar has then become the main liveliness studio in the business, drawing in the consideration of Disney that prompted its inevitable enlistment with the movement monster. Jobs’ assurance was, as it were, characteristic of his consuming enthusiasm for his picked field he had the vision, the fantasy, and emptied all that he had into it. Finally, what makes Jobs a powerful pioneer is his impact. An individual isn't a pioneer on the off chance that he has no impact over others, on the off chance that he can't rouse them, share his vision with them. Mac and Pixar are victories on the grounds that Jobs’ individuals had confidence in him and in his fantasies. They followed where he needed to go, and confided in his choices. At the point when he initially left Apple, a bunch who had faith in him tailed him to set up NeXt in spite of seeing a significant misfortune Jobs looked at his previous organization. After 10 years, Apple have turned around and requested Jobs help when they were in the edge of obliteration. They required NeXt to inhale life back to the withering organization, and Jobs dominated. From the outset the representatives were dreadful of Jobs since he may fire them on the spot, yet later on their liking with the organization expanded when Apple began taking off. Employments was pleased, and he was gl ad for his organization. As Apple’s stocks took off, Jobs complimented the individuals from his organization for the pivotal day. His viability as a pioneer may be estimated by the risen estimation of the organization that he runs, yet more critical than that was his capacity to make the brand Apple and teach it in the psyches and ways of life of the a great many iPod proprietors around the world. Indeed, even past his organization, Jobs practices impact over innovation patterns and purchaser decisions. He is a ground-breaking voice in the shareability and theft of media. He is an innovator and the advancement that he initiates impacts the bearing of the opposition among him and different organizations maybe the most noteworthy demonstrative factor of his capacity to impact. Without a doubt, it his capacity to impact others as a result of his sheer confidence that caused his workers to accept that the sinking transport that was Apple could really be spared. What's more, it was, under his solid administration.

Eternality of War - Literature Essay Samples

Perhaps nothing is more frequent in the pages of history books than wars. Since the beginning of time, men have fought to hold their ground and conquer more. Yet the images of war are not always the trumpeting, flag-flying, fresh-faced recruits that they are painted out to be. The reality of war is dark, desolate, and harrowing, with conditions detrimental to mind, body, and spirit. The realities of war and the terrors experienced there are documented and told by authors throughout time, including Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front, Tardis graphic Goddamn This War!, and Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness. What the three men allude to is the idea that perhaps the true brutes are not the ones on the defense, but the offense, and that the disease of imperialism and the contagion of power are what turns men into savages in the end. The most graphic and raw depiction of the war is told by Jacques Tardi, who in his collection of drawings portrays a bitter and brutal state of perpetual violence. His short captions are paired with images of dismembered men and bloody faces, the worst of the quotes being Id have liked to see the wise guys right there, in the heart of the inferno: Joffre, the president, the Kaiser, the ministers, the priests and every last general. And my mother, too, for bringing me into this world (Tardi 18). The cynicism and general weariness of the unnamed narrator leaks from every angle in the story, leaving nothing up to the imagination. The very definitive anti-war message the comic sends couples the horrors of the war with the mental scarring of the men who witnessed it. Remarque approaches the war from the perspective of Paul Baumer, young, promising, full of the fire of his fellow friends and soldiers as they fight for their home country of Germany. Pumped with patriotism and nationalism, Paul and his friends soon realize that war is not what they expected, or even what they wanted; it is what they feared. The physical, emotional, and psychological stress forced upon the young men proves to them that patriotism and nationalism are but myths, some clichà ©s to mask the actual terror of the war. The excerpt provided portrays a scene in which Paul and his friends visit Kemmerich, an old classmate and now-amputee. Muller, a really quite sympathetic character, asks Kemmerich for his boots, which obviously hell have no need for anymore (Remarque 20). This bitter but realistic scene painfully displays the loss of emotional morality through the brutality on the front. Though Muller meant no harm in asking for the boots, the scene simply proves the surviva list nature of the men and the dog-eat-dog mentality they must have to survive. Corporal Himmelstoss, brutal, tyrannical, and strict, forces them to perform meager, demeaning tasks, like making and re-making beds, sweeping snow, crawling in mud on all fours, and bayonet-fighting with heavy iron rods (Remarque 23-25). Though Himmelstoss is cruel, he teaches the naive men the reality of war without the rose-colored lenses of nationalism that they learned through in school. The scene about Kemmerich in the hospital is particularly poignant in showing mans moral lineup still in the face of terror; Paul refuses to leave him alone, and holds him until he dies. This heartbreaking scene is swiftly made cold by the doctor, who says, You know, to-day alone there have been sixteen deaths yours is the seventeenth. There will probably be twenty altogether (Remarque 32). Paul is sickened by the doctors carelessness, and collects his friends belongings. He unties his friends identification disc, and delivers the boots to Muller. This very brief scene of friendship and love is pulled away almost as quickly as it comes, strategically in Remarques writing to juxtapose the reality of the war with the naà ¯vetà © and the innocence of Paul and the men on the front. Marlow of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness experiences a similar rawness of death. Marlow is Conrads Paul in this story, honest, headstrong, but also cynical, skeptical, and weary. He travels in the Belgian Congo to find Kurtz, who he is told harbors great ideals and ability (Conrad 28). When he first sees Kurtz in the second part of the story, Marlow tells us that he is only ever referred to as that man, and never by name (51). His station, is desolate, and we quickly discover that Kurtz not some genius or guru, but in actuality a heartless megalomaniac, described by Marlow as hollow. As he dies he gives Marlow a packet of documents, one of which ends with the words Exterminate all the brutes! When he dies in the last part of the story, his last words are The horror! The horror! (116). His final moments exist in some vision that Marlow cannot see, in which Kurtz cries out in a look of intense and hopeless despair. When Marlow journeys to Kurtzs home later on in the story, almost a y ear has passed since his superiors death. The departeds fiancà ©e tells of her late lovers talent, humanitarian works, political experience, and leadership qualities. Marlow lies to her and tells her that his last words were her name. It is important to note that even through Kurtzs power-hungry, bloodthirsty ways, he is the one that dies first. In his own station, there are severed heads on the fence posts, but his own body betrays him; he is the one that dies. He is ill with jungle fever, his own body conquered by the land he is trying to own. It is as if the land itself is fighting back because its people cannot. As Marlow comes into contact with people from Kurtzs past, he is forced to doubt his own memories of the man, as the only things he is hearing are good. This brings to light the truth that war changes people. Perhaps Kurtz was this extraordinary man before he came to the Congo. However, it is also the exact theme that Conrad is trying to portray: that in the European perspective, interference in the African colonies was a good thing humanitarian work, even but if they saw the heads on posts, and the extreme brutality that is not only fostered but implemented by their people, Europeans would think dif ferently of the entire situation. Perhaps it is not a single person or an actual occurrence that forces these men to fight. Rather, they are driven by an extreme sense of duty towards their countries, pushed by an unseen force of patriotism that quickly fades and fizzles as the true horrors of war set in. The three different yet overlapping stories of Tardis narrator, Paul, and Marlow depict the dichotomy between the expected nature of war and the reality of it. Each provides a staunchly anti-war dialogue. Yet they are written in ways that avoid shining the spotlight on any particular person; note that Conrads novel takes place, not in a colony of his homeland England, but one of Belgium. This creates the exact absurdity and hypocrisy that he writes about: the idea that the true brutes are the white men in Africa, while not being specific enough to make British readers find parallels between themselves and the evils of the novel. Each author attempts to and succeeds in illustrating the fact that the real darkness and the real evils happened under European control, but far from European eyes. Works Cited Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. N.p.: n.p., 1899. Print. Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Tardi, Jacques, Helge Dascher, Kim Thompson, and Jean-Pierre Verney. Goddamn This War! Seattle, WA: Fantagraphics, 2013. Print.

Superjuice Case Analysis - 2375 Words

MD13-0005 Case Analysis: SuperJuice I. Problem Statement * Facts of the Case Luisa de la Cruz, CEO of SuperJuice * Worked her way up the corporate ladder for 15 years SuperJuice - a Florida-based company that produces and markets juice drinks to high schools and restaurants throughout the Southeast * The most successful juice drink maker in the region for almost two decades * Established efficient sets of system both in the factory and at the headquarters * Managers focus on making high-quality products with minimum expenses * Most of the company’s 200 employees had joined the company right after graduating (high school or college) and liked how the company operated * Employees†¦show more content†¦This could point to the lack of business intelligence and competitive intelligence in the company. Perhaps SuperJuice did not utilize specialized software to search through massive amounts of internal and external data to spot patterns, trends and relationships regarding the sales of their juices and their marketing efforts. At the same time, they probably did not make good use of competitive intelligence or activities that derive inform ation about their rivals. This is why they were caught off-guard when the competitors released exotic juices that were unexpectedly patronized by the consumers, including the youth. This overall lack of effort in fulfilling their boundary-spanning roles (coordination of the organization with key elements in the external environment) had substantial impact on the decisions made by SuperJuice. Aside from the external environment, the internal environment or the organizational culture established within SuperJuice also needs to be evaluated. Culture is defined as key values, beliefs, understandings and norms shared by members of an organization. For SuperJuice, this includes the values of punctuality, working at a high efficiency, and never questioning authority. Their organizational culture also reflects the values of their Cuban-born founder, which explains why the company is described as a traditional and family-oriented business entity. This is seen inShow MoreRelatedSuperjuice Cas e Analysis2389 Words   |  10 PagesMD13-0005 Case Analysis: SuperJuice I. Problem Statement * Facts of the Case Luisa de la Cruz, CEO of SuperJuice * Worked her way up the corporate ladder for 15 years SuperJuice - a Florida-based company that produces and markets juice drinks to high schools and restaurants throughout the Southeast * The most successful juice drink maker in the region for almost two decades * Established efficient sets of system both in the factory and at the headquarters * Managers

Authors or Horror, Edgar Allen Poe for The Raven and...

The two poems are eerie in aspect to modern day horror. Our terrifying horror movies and books derive from these two men; Edgar Allen Poe and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Although these two authors are different in their techniques of writing, there are two poems that are similar. â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† and â€Å"The Raven† consists of a bird bringing a bad omen. The situations are different; however, the meanings of the birds are similar. In these two poems, the differences are more apparent; the significance of one being a sea bird and the other a land dweller, the situations of appearance, and the meanings and curses they place upon the cursed. First, Coleridge and Poe create their birds different in the aspect of their dwelling and manner. The sea bird is called the Albatross, in the beginning it is seen as a wonderful and beautiful bird. When the Mariner and his men were out to sea this bird, with a slight body but adorned large wings, flew across the o cean and the ice broke from the ocean. It almost appears as if the bird is innocent, with the description of the bird. Having a frail breast yet the stretching wingspan is strong; for leading those in need, the color of the bird even hints at innocence. It is innocent and blind from the death it is soon to experience. The Raven is a majestic and cruel land bird. The body is large but the wings are smaller. The color described as the Raven shows power and ferocity. The shoddy eyes of this endearing bird pierce into

A Stranger Looking in my House Would Probably Think... free essay sample

A stranger looking in my house would probably think my life is society’s definition of normalcy: a father, a mother, a daughter, and a son, all living in one house. We eat from the same refrigerator, use the same den to watch television, and swim in the same pool. One big happy family, right? Wrong! Behind closed doors, chaos emerges. Unless you were my friend, or a resident of my town, you probably wouldn’t realize that my parents are in the midst of a hectic and painful process: signing divorce papers. My father resides in a guest room downstairs. My parents take turns with days they choose to look after my brother and me. After all, being in the same room together is not always the most pleasant experience. One could even say that what split my parents apart is the fact that they are complete opposites. Although 50% of marriages end in divorce, in my small town, divorce isn’t that common an occurrence. We will write a custom essay sample on A Stranger Looking in my House Would Probably Think or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My mom, being the social butterfly that she is, has made it known, publicly, that she and my father have become separated. One might assume that I might be bothered by this part of my life being out in the open; surprisingly, I’m really not. The truth is, I was never â€Å"Daddy’s Little Girl,† making divorce a not-so-hard pill to swallow. Having been brought up in Russia, my father has a completely different mindset from my mom, as well as me. He is shy, stubborn, and maintains completely opposing political views. These days, my dad and I could go on for hours arguing about President Bush’s actions, and it would be considered normal. If you went back a year or two, the situation with my father would be extremely different. I was always somewhat fearful of him; I would never challenge his opinions, and if he and my mom fought, I would sit in silence. The man who was supposed to be the most positive influence on my life made me think that men were pigs, a nd were allowed to treat women like dirt. Ever since my parents began their split, almost a year ago, I have continued to learn that women should not only be treated with respect, but should demand respect as well as demand to have their own opinions heard. My father’s opinion is not the only one which matters in the divorce court, and he has no right to expect more respect than my mom. Yes, I sound harsh, but I, like my mother, deserve and demand respect. Today, when in a situation with my father, I am able to voice my opinion, because it matters. Sometimes, I actually want to thank him thank him for making me a wiser person, and for making me appreciate my own opinion.

Why English is so important free essay sample

One of the most important characteristics of the human kind is the ability to communicate. This process can be oral, written or through body gestures. This process of communicating amongst each individual is called Language. Because through language, humanity is able to express its ideas, feelings, sensations, beliefs, etc. for a developed society in order to advance, it is necessary that each member of that culture must know how to use their â€Å"tongue†, because by using it, each member expresses or reflects its personality and individuality of the region or part that he/she belongs. Unfortunately there is a problem that has been affecting the way people communicate nowadays. I want to call it â€Å"the misuse of the language†; it happens when any member of a certain community does not make a good use of the language, producing the lost of the most important treasure that any society may have, Language. We will write a custom essay sample on Why English is so important or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This problem might be caused by many factors such as: the lack of interest from members of any certain society to use the language in a proper form. Because people take for granted that, since they were bon in the place where the language is used, they can speak the language without any problem. They do not show any interest in literature, which will lead them into a poor understanding of the other subjects in their schooling life, producing an undeveloped society. Another factor that is undermining the way people use the language is how people when communicating use technology. Unfortunately the majority of the society is damaging the Language by not taking into consideration the grammar rules each language system has. One example of this is when young people use the Internet to do any task given; they just simply write the words in any searching engine, copy what they consider useful, and then paste it without even having analyzed the information, deriving into a worthless and unmemorable piece of homework. Cellphones and E-mail are also harming the language; people now focus on practicality rather than content. They completely ignore, or at least it seems, the grammar rules of the language concentrating only in how long their message is going to take to get to the other person. They even forget about manners and correctness leading into a completely distorted language. This is when the role of language teachers comes into action. As teachers of languages, we have to teach our students not only the grammatical aspects, but also the necessary items that conform language. We have to make our students realize how important is the need to fully understand languages. Understanding how languages work, will lead any society into a more educated, better informed and prepared in different topics society. We as teachers have to help our students to practice and develop the four basic skills of every language: speaking, listening, reading and writing. We as teachers, have to arouse our students’ interest in reading. When I say reading, I am not only referring to just decoding the signs of the texts, they must be able how to understand and digest any text they face in order to develop the rest of the skills mentioned before. By achieving this, students will be able to improve the way they think, imagine, reflect, and even the way they express their feelings toward the others. We as teachers, have the enormous responsibility since we have to be proficient enough with the language, because is our duty to teach our students how to read different types of texts (from a simple magazine to a specialized book or article), our students need to be able to read any article and being able to understand the terminology, analyze it, and create their own judgment about the text. We as teachers, have to know how to center on students existing needs. Students learn best when incentives for learning in a classroom satisfy their own motives for learning the language. Some of the needs our students may have are: the need to learn something in order to complete a particular task or activity, the need to seek new experiences, the need to master some skills, the need to overcome challenges, the need to become competent, the need to succeed and do well, the need to feel involved and to interact with other people. Satisfying such needs is rewarding for them and for us the teachers, and such rewards maintain learning more effectively than grades do. Design assignments, in-class activities, and discussion questions to address these kinds of needs. We as teachers, have to make our students active participants in the learning process. Students learn by doing, making, writing, designing, creating, solving. Passivity reduces students motivation and curiosity. We have to ask questions. We do not have to tell students something when we can ask them. We must know how to encourage them to suggest approaches to a problem or to guess the results of an experiment. But if we as teachers just master the language, it is not just going to be enough; if we want our students to be proficient with the language, we have to know how to create an adequate learning atmosphere. We have to sort the material they are going to use during the learning process, we have to organize the course, we need to categorize the material according to their capabilities, we need to know how to integrate every student in our activities, we need to create a link between the student and us and finally we need to know how to use appropriate, concrete and understandable examples so they can get the idea the fastest possible. Finally, I would like to say that everybody needs the language in order to succeed or fail in every aspect of his or her life; it will always depend on the way we use it, it is how we show ourselves to the others and the first thing they notice about us. We might have a lot of interesting, fresh, important, even beautiful ideas in our mind, but if we are not able to capture them, they will be lost forever. And this is why I consider that studying and being proficient with the language is fundamental for the appropriate creation of a more civilized and advanced society. References:

why i quit the comapny. relate this article why i quit the company to your life

why i quit the comapny. relate this article why i quit the company to your life [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]Jordan JohnsonD13ENovember 3, 2014Work Controls my LifeWhen I was younger I couldn't wait until I was done with school and I got a real job. But as soon as I got a job I wished I didn't have to work anymore. Just like in the article " Why I Quit the Company" by Tomoyuki Iwashita, I too feel like my job controls my life. Also the article "Help! Work Is Taking Over My Life" by Carimah Townes relates to how I feel about working.In the article "why I quit the company" Tomoyuki Iwashita talks about how he works for a very prestigious company and how whatever he does, doesn't represent him it represents the company. So if he does a bad job or something he's not supposed to do the company looks bad not Tomoyuki. So some people would say that his job is controlling him because it doesn't allow him to do certain things if it does not fit with the way the company is runs.I can relate to this because I work at an after school Program with kids from the ages of 5-14. So if I get in trouble outside of work its going to look bad on the company that I work for because they hired me and they told the parents I was qualified to work with Their children. So if I do something wrong the company might lose the trust of the parents. Causing them to take their kids out of the after school program. Also I live in the area where I work at so a lot of the people I work with and the kids who attend the after school program. So even when I am in my neighborhood I...

Discuss the relationship between The Lottery and Hands stories Essay

Discuss the relationship between The Lottery and Hands stories - Essay Example In the story titled ‘The Hands’ by Sherwood Anderson the reader is introduced the character of Wing Biddlebaum and the incidents in his life which led to prolonged psychological trauma and resulted in him retreating from society at large. Once a passionate and dedicated teacher, Adolph Myers was accused of molesting the young boys under him because of the false testimony of one of the boys. He was forced to run away from his town by an angry mob and change his name. While the pace of these two stories and the style in which each author unrolls the main plot are very different, they share some stark similarities in the intended object matter and societal lessons. The reader in both cases is forced to think about the concepts like rights of the individual, the justice of the situation and the impact of rigid society standards and conformism. To examine this thesis, we can first compare the climax of each story, the violence that took place and the conclusions that can be reached by examining those. In The lottery, the violence comes at the very end- it is sudden, unexpected for the reader but fully acceptable for the characters. The crowd is comprised of families who are on good terms with each other; the children play together and the adults indulge in general conversation before the lottery begins. Yet once the result is announced none of them have any compulsion about stoning an innocent woman, who they know well, in the name of keeping tradition. ‘Old Man Warner was saying, "Come on, come on, everyone." Steve Adams was in the front of the crowd of villagers, with Mrs. Graves beside him.’ (Jackson, p.21). The old lead the young in the violence and every one participates wholeheartedly. It is all very dispassionate and systematic (the children had already collected the stones) and no one thinks of raising any objections or listening to the woman’s pleas. The violence in ‘The hands’ is much more in line with the expectations the word

The Legacy of Reconstruction and the Impact of Jim Crow on Economic Essay

The Legacy of Reconstruction and the Impact of Jim Crow on Economic Freedom for African Americans - Essay Example 1) arising after Reconstruction ended by 1877. This was further carried forward into the mid 19th century though during Reconstruction and even subsequent to the passing of the Amendments 13th, 14th and 15th have been enacted, giving black Americans their freedom, citizenship and right to vote. Further, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 has made it illegal to segregate schools, public accommodation, modes of transport, juries etc. However, actual practices have remained contrary and in opposition of relevant statutes. Thus, the period is considered as the era of white domination as a divine right, the belief encouraged by the church that whites are the ‘Chosen People’ and blacks are ‘cursed’ to be servants and that God’s will desired racial segregation. This notion has further fanned and spread at every educational level, by the so called intellectual custodians, that blacks are innately intellectually and culturally inferior to whites. This gives impetus to pro white politicians to cry foul of the laws enacted, through eloquent speeches on the great danger of integration, which could lead to what they termed as ‘mongrelization’ of the whites. ... By the end of Reconstruction phase, which literally meant the rebuilding of the shattered nation after the devastating Civil Wars, the African Americans experienced their first taste of freedom and liberty from the oppressive Jim Crow Laws, and embarked on their sojourn to economical and political emancipation. Though the new amendments and enactments of law during the period emphasized the need for freedom and equality to the blacks, the process sustained a setback during the civil wars, pushing the blacks back again into the dark dungeons of slavery. This can be summed up by the remarks of Robert Richardson, former Confederate General that â€Å"the emancipated slaves own nothing. For nothing besides freedom has been given to them† (Chapter 15: â€Å"W hat Is Freedom? 473). However, it is the same slavery and suffering from discrimination that emboldened them to raise their voice and inspired them to fight for freedom. Garrison Frazier, a black Baptiste Minister, states tha t slavery means â€Å"one person’s receiving by irresistible power the work of another man, and not by his consent† and he defines freedom as â€Å"placing us where we could reap the fruits of our own labor and take care of ourselves† and further adds that this could be accomplished by having â€Å"land and turn it and till it by our own labor† (Chapter 15: â€Å"W hat Is Freedom? 440). This contention, in itself, sums up the aspirations of the African Americans about their yearning to break free of the shackles of slavery with their desire to acquire and own land and achieve prosperity. Besides, they also have had a rightful purpose to attain progress through their own hard work, enshrining in their lives the concepts of equality and liberty at par the other citizens. These revolutionary ideas

IT Doesn’t matter Essay Example for Free

IT Doesn’t matter Essay â€Å"If a company needs evidence of the kind of money that might be saved, it need only look at Microsoft’s profit margin† Excerpts from a company’s strategy document †¢ the company will ensure that it will have at least 2 plug points in each room with AC connection. †¢ The switches will be white in color and will make a ‘click’ sound on pressing †¢ Press to hear the click sound Disclaimer †¢ We all agree to the fact that IT plays a crucial role in running an organisation. †¢ All that we are driving at is that the existence of IT does not grant a competitive advantage to a company, anymore In other words, IT lets you remain in the race, Winning is a totally different ball game altogether The (lost) Edge †¢ Can IT provide an edge for you? †¢ You only gain an edge over rivals by having or doing something that they can’t have or do. †¢ By now, the core functions of IT – data storage, data processing, and data transport – have become available and affordable to all. †¢ And hence they are becoming costs of doing business that must be paid by all but provide distinction to none Risk Advantage †¢ When a resource becomes essential to competition but inconsequential to strategy, the risks it creates become more important than the advantages it provides †¢ Lets classify technologies into †¢ Proprietary technologies †¢ Infrastructural technologies. †¢ Proprietary technologies can be owned, actually or effectively, by a single company. †¢ Infrastructural technologies, in contrast, offer far more value when shared IT has all the hallmarks of an infrastructural technology. †¢ Its mix of characteristics guarantees particularly rapid commoditization. †¢ IT is, first of all, a transport mechanism–it carries digital information just as railroads carry goods and power grids carry electricity. †¢ And like any transport mechanism, it is far more valuable when shared than when used in isolation Hence the technology’s potential for differentiating one company from the pack – its strategic potential – declines as it becomes accessible and affordable to all. Mainframe timesharing local area networks Ethernet networks Internet †¢ Each stage in the above progression has led to Greater standardization of the technology and hence greater homogenization of its functionality. †¢ The benefits of customization would be overwhelmed by the costs of isolation. †¢ Because most business activities and processes have come to be embedded in software, they become replicable †¢ Both the cost savings and the interoperability benefits make the sacrifice of distinctiveness unavoidable The arrival of the Internet has accelerated the commoditization of IT by providing a perfect delivery channel for generic applications Signs that the IT has reached Saturation †¢ First, IT’s power is outstripping most of the business needs it fulfills. Second, the price of essential IT functionality has dropped to the point where it is more or less affordable to all. Third, the capacity of the universal distribution network (the Internet) has caught up with demand – indeed, we already have considerably more fiber-optic capacity than we need. Fourth, IT vendors are rushing to position themselves as commodity suppliers or even as utilities. Finally, and most definitively, the investment bubble has burst, which historically has been a clear indication that an infrastructural technology is reaching the end of its buildout. Do the Right Thing†¦ †¢   The operational risks associated with IT are many – technical glitches, obsolescence, service outages, unreliable vendors or partners, security breaches, even terrorism–and some have become magnified as companies have moved from tightly controlled, proprietary systems to open, shared ones. IT may be a commodity, and its costs may fall rapidly enough to ensure that any new capabilities are quickly shared, but the very fact that it is entwined with so many business functions means that it will continue to consume a large portion of corporate spending. IT buyers should throw their weight around, to negotiate contracts that ensure the long term usefulness of their PC investments and impose hard limits on upgrade costs. And if vendors balk, companies should be willing to explore cheaper solutions, including open-source applications and bare-bones network PCs. Most of the major business technology vendors, from Microsoft to IBM, are trying to position themselves as IT utilities, companies that will control the provision of a diverse range of business applications over what is now called, â€Å"the grid. † The upshot is ever greater homogenization of IT capabilities, as more companies replace customized applications with generic ones. Wal-Mart and Dell Computer are exceptions to this though. In2002, the consulting firm Alinean compared the IT expenditures and the financial results of 7,500 large U. S. companies †¢ The 25 companies that delivered the highest economic returns, spent on average just 0. 8% of their revenues on IT, while the typical company spent 3. 7%. †¢ Larry Ellison, one of the great technology salesmen, admitted in a recent interview that â€Å"most companies spend too much [on IT] and get very little in return. † †¢ The key to success, for the vast majority of companies, is no longer to seek advantage aggressively but to manage costs and risks meticulously. Thank You

Welsh People Possessed a Sense Common Heritage Essay -- Welsh history

In the introduction to the course, Gareth Elwyn Jones states that "the specifics of the history of Wales have compelled its people to conceive of nationhood in quite different terms [to those of other nations]† , these other terms are â€Å"a sense of community, language, culture and a feeling of common heritage† . The course as a whole can then be considered as a brief investigation into these expressions of Welsh national identity. Perhaps Llywelyn ap Gruffydd was attempting to ossify these ephemeral qualities in the late thirteenth century when, in the words of Rees Davies, he sought "to convert the primacy of Gwynedd among the native dynasties into the leadership of a united native Wales whose status as a separate and unitary principality would be acknowledged by the English Crown† , although Davies has to concede that Llywelyn’s efforts were restricted to the â€Å"pura Wallia [of] the unconquered parts of Wales† , referring to those parts of the country that had so far avoided assimilation into Anglo-Norman England in the preceding two centuries. Llywelyn was ultimately unsuccessful, perhaps in large part because the ‘Wales’ that he sought to build was his personal dynastic and political goal of the nation, and was not a goal held nor supported by many of his immediate contemporaries, including his brother . Similarly, Davies’s interpretation of the Edwardian conque st of Wales has not been accepted wholesale, Antony Carr rejects Davies’s notion that Edward’s conquest was a â€Å"national disaster† and reminds us that "for most people the new regime meant little change and the traditional leaders of the community retained their power and influence. Indeed, in some ways Gwynedd may have been better off under Edward than it had been und... ...A182 Block 1 Introduction: Wales and history, Milton Keynes, The Open University, 2009. Williams, G., ‘Religion and belief’ in Barlow, H. (ed.) (2009) Small Country, Big History: Themes in the History of Wales – The Reader, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Jones, G.E. ‘Tudor Wales’, http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/!via/oucontent/course/82/tudor_wales.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011. Jones, G. E. ‘Wales 1880 – 1914’, http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/!via/oucontent/course/82/wales1880_1914.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011 Thomas, P. D.G., http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/!via/oucontent/course/82/theremakingofwalesintheeighteenthcentury.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011. Williams, G. A., ‘Beginnings of Radicalism’, http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/!via/oucontent/course/82/beginningsofradicalism.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011

Summer Internship Report on Madura Garments

Project Report On Improving Service Level for Institutional Sales SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT (PGDIM) By Puneet Verma Roll No. 105 PGDIM – 18 Under the guidance of [pic] National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Vihar Lake, P. O. NITIE, Mumbai 400 087 Date of Submission: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Certificate of Supervision This is to certify that Puneet Verma, student of PGDIM, Batch No. 18 has successfully completed the project titled – â€Å"Improving Service Level for Institutional Sales†, nder the guidance of Mrs. Sadhana Ghosh (NITIE) from 11th Jan 2013 to 15th March 2013. Based on the professional work done by him, this report is being submitted for the partial fulfillment of Post-Graduation Diploma in Industrial Management at NITIE, Mumbai Signature Faculty Guide Acknowledgement I wish to extend my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to my guide Mrs. Sadhana Ghosh(Professor, NITIE), whose Guidance and help constantly helped and motivated me during the entire tenure of the project. I am able to say with conviction that I have immensely benefited.Puneet Verma PGDIM-18 Executive Summary The apparel companies cater to various channels such as Department Stores, Trade, Organized Retail etc. Institutional Sales is a nascent business channel that caters to the demand from Institutional customers i. e organizations. Sales to this channel are generally in the form of bulk orders at volume discounts. For example, a pharmaceutical company orders through this channel for gifting shirt to doctors. The majority of the business of apparel organizations comes in through Trade and Department store channels.Orders for those channels come in during the Trade shows held twice a year 6 months prior to the launch of a season (Spring-Summer or Autumn-Winter). Sourcing and production plan for those channels so are essentially done against fixed orders. But for Institutional Channel orders are not predet ermined and customers come in with orders with very short lead time. This makes sourcing and manufacturing strategy for this process completely different from traditional channels. Currently the company Madura Garments (for reference and data) is not able to service these customers at a satisfactory level applying the business processes in place.This is contributed by the fact that the normal business model is significantly different from the requirements of this channel. The approach adopted was to first study the as-is business processes in place and review the past data to ascertain the capability of the current system in place. Next the problems in the current system were identified irrespective of whether the problem was a process or people related problem. A revised process flow was the proposed which will enable the company to service Institutional customers at a satisfactory rate.Lean Six Sigma methodology was adopted to approach the problem using a DMAIC model. The final li st of recommendations include changes in the current business process in the short time frame for immediate enhancement of service levels and long term changes to improve process capability to ramp up the business capabilities. Table of Contents Project Report1 Certificate of Supervision2 Acknowledgements4 Executive Summary5 1. Introduction8 2. Need & Significance of the Project11 3. Objective12 4. Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 4. 1 DMAIC†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 4. 2 Fishbone Diagram†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 4. 3 Cause and Effect Matrix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 4. 4 Failure Mode Effect Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18 5. Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 5. 1: Understand the current market and business scenario†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 25 5. 1. 1: Market Scenario: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 25 5. 1. 2: Agent Performance: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 29 5. 1. 3: Business processes: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 30 5. 1. 4: Key Points: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 5. 2: Ascertain the current service level of the syste m†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 36 5. 3: Identifying and Defining Problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 37 5. 3. 1: Fishbone Diagram: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 37 5. 3. 2: Cause and Effect Matrix: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 38 5. 3. 3: Failure Mode Effect Analysis:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 39 5. 3. : Principal Issues: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 41 5. 4: Process Improvement Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 42 5. 4. 1: Short term changes: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 43 5. 4. 2: Long term plans:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 47 5. 5: Process Control†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 6. References:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 54 Introduction The Aditya Birla Group is in the League of Fortune 500. It is anchored by an extraordinary force of 100,000 employees, belonging to 25 different nationalities. In India the group has been adjudged â€Å" The Best Employer in India and among the Top 20 in Asia† by the Hewitt-Economic Times and Wall Street Journal Study 2007. Over 50 percent of it revenues flows from its overseas operations.The several Group companies under Aditya Birla Group are Grasim, Hindalco, Aditya Birla Nuvo, Essel Mining, Aditya Birla Retail Limited. Aditya Birla Nuvo Limited is a diversified conglomerate and the platform that has launched many new busin esses for India’s Premier Business house, the Aditya Birla Group. Aditya Birla Nuvo has a dozen businesses under its fold, ranging from textiles to telecom. As a leading player, Aditya Birla Nuvo ranks as †¢ The country’s largest premium branded Apparel Company : Madura Garments †¢ Largest Manufacture of linen fabric in India †¢ India’s largest and the world’s fourth largest producer of insulators The second largest producer of carbon black in India †¢ India’s second largest producer of viscose filament yarn (VFY) Aditya Birla Nuvo’s Business: Garments (Branded Apparel) Madura Garments, a division of Aditya Birla Nuvo is India’s leading apparel retail company. It enjoys market leadership in the branded garments business through its power and popular lifestyle brands – Louis Phillipe, Van Heusen, Allen Solly and Peter England. The company has also entered into a distribution agreement with the International b rand Esprit and has opened exclusive brand outlets.It has 2 successful store formats The Collective and PEOPLE. Madura Garments has exclusive showroom space which includes several large format brands outlets of world-class standards, providing top quality retail experience to the consumers. It also has a high visible presence in large department and multi brand stores. The thrust is on brand building through development of innovative new merchandise, exciting communication campaigns and enhancing the product portfolio. The overall marketing strategy has been move from a â€Å"Wardrobe Brand† to a â€Å"Lifestyle† Brand.The company has won many coveted awards in the fashion world like the â€Å"Best Retailer of the Year, Best Apparel Company of the Year, Best Trouser Brand of the Year, Best Smart Casual Brand of the Year† etc. , at well known for a such as Reid Taylor Awards and Images Fashion Awards. To bolster its presence significantly in the exploding apparel retail sector, the company has started retailing its life style brand and affordable popular brands through two new formats- Madura Garments Lifestyle Retail Company Limited and Peter England Fashions and Retail Limited. Contract ManufacturingMadura Garments Exports limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Aditya Birla Nuvo focusing on garment exports. It is an integrated player in the apparel industry with interest in manufacturing exports of wovens, knits and Full Service Provider business. The company has modern manufacturing facilities and caters to customers like Marks & Spencer, Next, Blackberry, Arrow, Tommy Hilfiger and Menswear House. The organization delivers from design to delivery of merchandise at the customer warehouse. [pic] 2. Need & Significance of the Project Madura Fashion & Lifestyle has a fast growing institutionalized sales business.In December 2011, institutional sales hit an all time high of 4. 43 crores for a month. For FY12 institutional sales will account for Rs 14 crores with a high profitability (CBA). This channel has grown by four times in terms of sales over the last four years. However, the on time in full order execution for this channel continues to be poor. Delayed deliveries and missed opportunities continue to limit the growth of this channel. In this context, there is a need to study the supply chain (planning and execution) of this channel to identify the root cause for service failures and define process and system changes to tackle these. 3.Objective †¢ Mapping of as-is supply chain (planning process, order capture and order fulfillment process): The current business process that is being followed to cater to the customer demands †¢ Establish current service level for this channel: The order service level of the channel derived from the past data that has been obtained †¢ Identify root cause for service failures in institutional business: The major causes that leads to an unsatisfactory service level rel ated to people, process, business issues 4. Literature Review Six Sigma Methodologies: Six Sigma  is a  business management strategy, originally developed by Motorola in 1986.Six Sigma became well known after  Jack Welch made it a central focus of his business strategy at General Electric in 1995, and today it is widely used in many sectors of industry. Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing  variabilityin  manufacturing  and  business processes. It uses a set of  quality management  methods, including  statistical methods, and creates a special infrastructure of people within the organization (â€Å"Black Belts†, â€Å"Green Belts†, etc. ) who are experts in these methods.Each Six Sigma project carried out within an organization follows a defined sequence of steps and has quantified financial targets (cost reduction and/or profit increase). The term  Six Sigma  originated from terminology associated with manufacturing, specifically terms associated with statistical modeling of manufacturing  processes. The maturity of a manufacturing process can be described by a  sigma  rating indicating its yield, or the percentage of defect-free products it creates. A six sigma process is one in which 99. 99966% of the products manufactured are statistically expected to be free of defects (3. defects per million). Motorola set a goal of â€Å"six sigma† for all of its manufacturing operations, and this goal became a byword for the management and engineering practices used to achieve it. 4. 1: DMAIC The DMAIC project methodology has five phases: ? Define  the problem, the voice of the customer, and the project goals, specifically. ? Measure  key aspects of the current process and collect relevant data. ? Analyze  the data to investigate and verify cause-and-effect relationships. Determine what the relationships are, and attemp t to ensure that all factors have been considered.Seek out root cause of the defect under investigation. ? Improve  or optimize the current process based upon data analysis using techniques such as  design of experiments,  poka yoke  or mistake proofing, and standard work to create a new, future state process. Set up pilot runs to establish  process capability. ? Control  the future state process to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected before they result in defects. Implement  control systems  such as  statistical process control, production boards, visual workplaces, and continuously monitor the process.Some organizations add a  Recognize  step at the beginning, which is to recognize the right problem to work on, thus yielding an RDMAIC methodology. 4. 2: Operation Definition: Recall the quote in the â€Å"first step† section of this site, â€Å"You can manage, what you can measure; you can measure, what you can define; you can define, what you can understand†. Operational definition is the first step towards effective management. It helps us build a clear understanding of a concept or a phenomenon so that it can be unambiguously measured. Let us take a very simple example to understand the need and the concept of operational definition.Let us imagine a situation that we wish to buy an all-purpose shirt with 50% cotton and 50% polyester. Would you accept a shirt whose front is made up of 100% cotton cloth and the back made of 100% polyester cloth? Surely not! Clearly we need to (operationally) define what we need. A better expression would be that we need a shirt made up of a cloth having even distribution of cotton and polyester fibers and their proportion by weight (or may be by number) is equal. So far so good, but we also need to have a mechanism to test it.In this case, we can send the shirt to a lab where randomly selected two areas (say 1 cm x 1 cm) – one from the back and one from the front ar e examined for the contents. The lab reports that group of two fibers of each – polyester and cotton are interwoven to make this clothe. Did we mean alternate fibers of polyester and cotton or something else? We now discover that we even need to define â€Å"even distribution†. In a business management scenario, common words such as good, reliable, and accurate (etc. ) can have multiple meanings unless they are (operationally) defined in a specific context.So how do we construct an operational definition? The process is explained with the help of an example in the following figure: [pic] Document the outcome of each process step and that becomes the operational definition. The operation definition must be tested before it is rolled out. 4. 2: Ishikawa’s Fishbone Diagram: The fishbone diagram is a graphical method for finding the root causes of an effect. The effect can be either a negative one, such as a process defect or an undue process variation; or a positiv e one, such as a desired process outcome.Kaoru Ishikawa, a famous Japanese consultant developed this method in the 1960s. It is also known as â€Å"Cause-and-Effect Diagram† or â€Å"Ishikawa Diagram†. The balance chapter details the steps required to construct a fishbone diagram. The example effect to illustrate the concept is â€Å"high petrol consumption in a car†. Step I Identify the process effect to be analysed. Develop an Operational Definition to ensure that it is clearly understood. Write the effect in a box on the right side and draw a horizontal arrow from left to right that touches the box as illustrated in the figure below. [pic] Step IIIdentify the main categories of causes resulting in the effect under consideration. These categories can easily be selected from the applicable six key process elements. These process elements are people, environment, material, method, machinery, and measurement. Add selected categories in the diagram as illustrated in the following figure. [pic] Step III Identify as many causes under each category and add them to the corresponding category. Detail each cause further (recursively) to the lowest level possible. [pic] Analyse this diagram to identify the causes that require deeper investigation.As fishbone diagram identify only potential causes, it may be a good idea to use a Pareto Chart to determine the cause(s) to focus on first. 4. 3: Cause & Effect Matrix The  Cause and Effect Matrix  is a tool which is used to prioritise potential causes by examining their relationship with the  CTQs. CTQ’s are placed on the top of the matrix and causes are place along the left side. The CTQ’s are ranked in terms of importance. The relationship between the causes and CTQs are ranked. An overall score is calculated and the cause with the highest overall score should be addressed first because they will have the largest impact on the CTQs.Steps 1. List the CTQs across the top of a matrix. 2. Rank and assign scores to each CTQ according to its importance to the customer. 3. List the causes on the left side of the matrix 4. Determine correlation scores between each cause and CTQ based on the strength of their relationship (E. g. 1 – weak, 3 – some, 9 – strong) 5. Cross multiply correlation scores with priority scores and add across for each cause 6. Create a  Pareto chart  and focus on the causes with the higher overall scores. The following diagram is a C&E matrix template from  ProcessMA. [pic] 4. : Failure Mode Effect Analysis: A  failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)  is a  procedure  in  product development,  systems engineering  and  operations management  for analysis of potential failure modes within a system for classification by the severity and likelihood of the failures. A successful FMEA activity helps a team to identify potential failure modes based on past experience with similar products or processes, ena bling the team to design those failures out of the system with the minimum of effort and resource expenditure, thereby reducing development time and costs.Because it forces a review of functions and functional requirements, it also serves as a form of  design review. It is widely used in manufacturing industries in various phases of the product life cycle and is now increasingly finding use in the service industry. Failure modes  are any errors or defects in a process, design, or item, especially those that affect the intended function of the product and or process, and can be potential or actual. Effects analysis  refers to studying the consequences of those failures.The pre-work The process for conducting an FMEA is typically developed in three main phases, in which appropriate actions need to be defined. Before starting with an FMEA, several other techniques are frequently employed to ensure that robustness and history are included in the analysis. A robustness analysis can be obtained from interface matrices, boundary diagrams, and  parameter diagrams. Failures are often found from external ‘noise factors' and from shared interfaces with other parts and/or systems.Typically, a description of the system and its function is developed, considering both intentional and unintentional uses. A block diagram of the system is often created for inclusion with the FMEA, giving an overview of the major components or process steps and how they are related. These are called logical relations around which the FMEA can be developed. The primary FME document or ‘worksheet' lists all of the items or functions of the system in a logical manner, typically based on the block diagram. NOTE: Above shown example format is not in line with mil. td 1629 or Civil Aerospace practise. The basic terms as given in first paragraph of this page are not available in this template! Step 1: Occurrence In this step it is necessary to look at the cause of a failure mode and the number of times it occurs. This can be done by looking at similar products or processes and the failure modes that have been documented for them in the past. A failure cause is looked upon as a design weakness. All the potential causes for a failure mode should be identified and documented. Again this should be in technical terms.Examples of causes are: erroneous algorithms, excessive voltage or improper operating conditions. A failure mode is given an  occurrence ranking (O), again 1–10. Actions need to be determined if the occurrence is high (meaning >  4 for non-safety failure modes and >  1 when the severity-number from step 2 is 9 or 10). This step is called the detailed development section of the FMEA process. Occurrence also can be defined as  %. If a non-safety issue happened less than  1%, we can give 1 to it. It is based on your product and customer specification. Rating |Meaning | |1 |No known occurrences on similar products or processes | |2/3 |Low (relatively few failures) | |4/5/6 |Moderate (occasional failures) | |7/8 |High (repeated failures) | |9/10 |Very high (failure is almost inevitable) | Step 2: SeverityDetermine all failure modes based on the functional requirements and their effects. Examples of failure modes are: Electrical short-circuiting, corrosion or deformation. A failure mode in one component can lead to a failure mode in another component, therefore each failure mode should be listed in technical terms and for function. Hereafter the ultimate effect of each failure mode needs to be considered. A failure effect is defined as the result of a failure mode on the function of the system as perceived by the user. In this way it is convenient to write these effects down in terms of what the user might see or experience.Examples of failure effects are: degraded performance, noise or even injury to a user. Each effect is given a severity number (S)  from 1 (no danger) to 10 (critical). These numbers help an eng ineer to prioritize the failure modes and their effects. If the sensitivity of an effect has a number 9 or 10, actions are considered to change the design by eliminating the failure mode, if possible, or protecting the user from the effect. A severity rating of 9 or 10 is generally reserved for those effects which would cause injury to a user or otherwise result in litigation. Rating |Meaning | |1 |No effect | |2 |Very minor (only noticed by discriminating customers) | |3 |Minor (affects very little of the system, noticed by average customer) | |4/5/6 |Moderate (most customers are annoyed) | |7/8 |High (causes a loss of primary function; customers are issatisfied) | |9/10 |Very high and hazardous (product becomes inoperative; customers angered; the failure may result unsafe operation and | | |possible injury) | Step 3: Detection When appropriate actions are determined, it is necessary to test their efficiency. In addition, design verification is needed. The proper inspection me thods need to be chosen. First, an engineer should look at the current controls of the system that prevent failure modes from occurring or which detect the failure before it reaches the customer.Hereafter one should identify testing, analysis, monitoring and other techniques that can be or have been used on similar systems to detect failures. From these controls an engineer can learn how likely it is for a failure to be identified or detected. Each combination from the previous 2 steps receives a  detection number (D). This ranks the ability of planned tests and inspections to remove defects or detect failure modes in time. The assigned detection number measures the risk that the failure will  escape detection. A high detection number indicates that the chances are high that the failure will escape detection, or in other words, that the chances of detection are low. Rating |Meaning | |1 |Certain – fault will be caught on test | |2 |Almost Certain | |3 |High | |4/5/6 |Mo derate | |7/8 |Low | |9/10 |Fault will be passed to customer undetected | After these three basic steps, risk priority numbers (RPN) are calculated Risk priority number (RPN) – RPN play an important part in the choice of an action against failure modes. They are threshold values in the evaluation of these actions.After ranking the severity, occurrence and detect ability the RPN can be easily calculated by multiplying these three numbers: RPN  =  S  ? O  ? D This has to be done for the entire process and/or design. Once this is done it is easy to determine the areas of greatest concern. The failure modes that have the highest RPN should be given the highest priority for corrective action. This means it is not always the failure modes with the highest severity numbers that should be treated first. There could be less severe failures, but which occur more often and are less detectable. After these values are allocated, recommended actions with targets, responsibility and dates of implementation are noted.These actions can include specific inspection, testing or quality procedures, redesign (such as selection of new components), adding more redundancy and limiting environmental stresses or operating range. Once the actions have been implemented in the design/process, the new RPN should be checked, to confirm the improvements. These tests are often put in graphs, for easy visualization. Whenever a design or a process changes, an FMEA should be updated. A few logical but important thoughts come in mind: ? Try to eliminate the failure mode (some failures are more preventable than others) ? Minimize the severity of the failure ? Reduce the occurrence of the failure mode ? Improve the detection 5. MethodologyA brief outline of the methodology adopted in the project is given below: 1. Understand the current market and business scenario a. Gather historical data from the system to analyze market condition b. Analyze trends and patterns in the sales figures c. Study the current business processes and map the material and information flow 2. Ascertain the service level that the system currently operates at a. Gather data for a specified period b. Ascertain the service level for that period subjected to constraints c. Interpret the data to assess system capability 3. Identify and define the issues a. Identify the principal issues currently affecting service levels b.Use Lean Six Sigma Methodologies to structure the analysis process 4. Propose a Process improvement plan that addresses the need of the system a. Structure all the issues in the current system systematically b. Propose solutions which can positively affect the major issues c. Propose solutions for current service level improvement and long term improvement of business capabilities 5. Propose metrics to effectively control the process once implemented a. Propose metrics that can capture the effectiveness of the system in place 5. 1: Understand the current market and business scenario 5. 1. 1: Market Scenario: Brandwise sales for FY11-12 †¢ 85% of sales contributed by LP, VH †¢ 62% of LP sales contributed by December sales †¢ 31% of overall sales in December [pic] Overall Sales volume for FY ‘11-‘12 †¢ Business runs on relationship based contacts. A client can take away a number of his contacts from a business. †¢ Period for gifting by companies: April ( June †¢ Companies want products by March †¢ So ideally order should be placed by November/December †¢ Educating customers about the functioning of the business is important to obtain feasible targets †¢ Customers generally specify the brand, but may also sometimes specify the colour to coordinate with an event A serviced customer will not look for an alternate source for subsequent orders †¢ A customer may order goods for gifting or internal use †¢ Price sensitive customers †¢ Currently Pharmaceutical is the major player, but new ave nues can be explored (Essar Steel uniform order) †¢ Pharmaceutical companies generally demand a turnaround of 30 days †¢ Pharmaceutical sector generally not affected by downturns †¢ Delivery in correct time and correct order quantity †¢ If delivery is correct then a premium price may be charged †¢ Priority of delivery is low in this channel, the priority should be highest †¢ Customers may reject the order if delivery is delayed for a day. Events. Priority is low as the volume of business is low in comparison with overall business volume †¢ If service level is high then company bargaining power will also be high †¢ Market is susceptible to economic downturns (no order from IT firms for the past 3 yrs) †¢ Agents display a variety of goods to the customer. May sell a rival brand or a different product. †¢ Forecasting is difficult as a company may choose to give a different gift the next year †¢ Satisfied customers does not ensure r eturn customer but provides base for word of mouth marketing †¢ Leverage on the firms brand names †¢ High profit business where the discount depends on the volume of products ordered. No returned goods. †¢ Dealings are made with top management, so client facing operations should be capably handled Customer |Sum of Quantity |Sum of Gross | | | |Total | |Mankind pharma ltd |107500 |55623750 | |Madhuram apparels |14019 |11155274 | |Lupin limited |10460 |9936990 | |Addon holding pvt ltd. |12781 |8356870 | |Supra garments pvt limited |9098 |7067832 | |Padma international corporation |10188 |6298490 | |Unichem laboratories ltd |6555 |5004589. 37 | |Biocon limited |4980 |3650530 | |M/S.Glaxo smithline ltd |3424 |3589379 | |Clairemont enterprises |8138 |3544110 | |Emcure pharmaceuticals limited |5395 |3426004 | |IPCA laboratories limited |3284 |2891923 | |Saffron enterprises (p) ltd. |4118 |2855504 | |Geno pharmaceuticals ltd |4200 |2520000 | |Government of India |3000 |18750 00 | |Society of Petroleum Geophysicists |2028 |1817540 | |Pidilite industries ltd |2500 |1650206. 25 | †¢ 53 customers were serviced where ordered quantity was over 100 †¢ 9 orders were serviced where the ordered quantity was more than 5000 †¢ 17 orders were worth more than Rs 10,00,000 The revenue generated from these orders contribute to 88% of the overall revenue †¢ Orders exceeding 5000 contributed to 74% of overall revenue †¢ Revenue per unit from large orders generally lesser than that from medium/small orders 5. 1. 2: Agent Performance: Agentwise breakup of sales amount Proportion of sales made through agents as opposed to directly 5. 1. 3: Business processes: [pic] Current scenario of sourcing options: †¢ Sourcing not dependent on Core or Fashion, depends on how Core is defined †¢ Mills are large entities and Madura cannot consume their entire produce †¢ Sourcing time depends on overall demand for a fabric in the market †¢ Sourci ng strategy dependant on individual Style Codes For a style code with constant Y-o-Y demand an buffer inventory of 1000 mts is maintained at either factory RM level or supplier level †¢ A fabric from the current season, brand checks whether they can sell the product at the full priced market , then they service the institutionalized sales customers †¢ No separate sourcing strategy for institutional channel †¢ Sourcing strategy fixed at the start of the season †¢ Products manufactured against fixed orders †¢ Fabric sourced to meet only the fixed demand †¢ Excess fabric stock due to customers cancelling orders †¢ ARS (Automated Replenishment System) not affecting sourcing †¢ Sourcing for one style code done only once Sourcing is done according to the preplanned production schedule †¢ Fabric is not allocated to any channel, the FG is allocated to a specific channel †¢ If fabric is not sold off to the specific channel then the stock is o ffered to the same/ different channel the next season †¢ Once the plan for the season has been made the plan is not subjected to any major change 5. 1. 4: Key Points: Plant Capacity: †¢ Plant capacity is allocated to various brands depending on their orders from trade shows/forecasts †¢ The allocated plant capacity is fixed for a year and is reviewed at the beginning of the season †¢ Excess fabric stock from previous season piled-up at factory (inventory build-up) Production Planning: No separate capacity is present to cater to institutional sales †¢ Brands utilize excess capacity or reschedule work orders to cater to Institutional customers †¢ Service level dependent on demand from other traditional channels Institutional Orders: †¢ Factory receives direct enquiry from the Institutional Sales team †¢ Factory check reserve stock and ready sourcing options for fabric and trims (lower lead time to source trims than brands) †¢ Schedule produ ction plan according to excess capacity available i. e unutilized by the brands 5. 2: Ascertain the current service level of the system Data Collection: †¢ Data collected from mail records from Jan ( Mar 2012 Enquiries for less than 100 units neglected †¢ Orders divided into separate groups depending on ordered volume †¢ Overall service levels for the period is at 35% †¢ Current process can service only about 16% of the total volume of demand †¢ None of the 10000+ orders have been serviced †¢ Service level for orders between 2000-10000 is the highest †¢ Excluding the very large orders, the company serviced 40% of the total volume of demand |Row Labels |Accepted |Despatched |Enquiry |Rejected |Grand Total |Service Level | |500-2000 |7 |5 |1 |21 |34 |0. 6 | |2000-10000 |2 |4 |2 |5 |13 |0. 55 | |10000+ | | |2 |4 |6 |0 | |Grand Total |10 |15 |5 |47 |77 |0. 35 | |100-500 |225 |1725 | |3380 |5330 |0. 37 | |500-2000 |5240 |4050 |1000 |18400 |28690 |0. 34 | |2000-10000 |14380 |11500 |9500 |33500 |68880 |0. 4 | |10000+ | | |51000 |144000 |195000 |0 | |Grand Total |19845 |17533 | |High Turnaround Time |Fabric catalogue not provided for IS |567 | |High Turnaround Time |Information is decentralized |567 | |Unavailable fabric |Low clarity regarding reserve stock level |441 | |Unavailable fabric |Sourcing not done for Institutional Channel |441 | |High Turnaround Time |Low clarity regarding reserve stock level |441 | |Low Priority of Institutional sales |Volume of business w. r. overall business |441 | |Unavailable fabric |Volume orders |405 | |Unavailable capacity |No separate plant capacity for Institutional customers |245 | |Low Profitability |Discount margin offered |245 | |High Turnaround Time |Response time to get back on a query |245 | |Unavailable capacity |Volume orders |189 | |Unavailable capacity |Current utilization of factory for retail channels |175 | |Delayed Delivery |No separate plant capacity for Institutional customers |175 | |Low Profitability |Price sensitive customers |147 | |Delayed Delivery |Current utilization of factory for retail channels |125 | |Low Priority of Institutional sales |Price sensitive customers |105 | |Competitor Action |NOS range not always available |105 | |Competitor Action |Agents working for multiple companies |45 | 5. 3. 4: Principal Issues: Fabric Stock: †¢ Fabric catalogue is not provided for IS leading to lack of clarity for agents and IS team †¢ Reserve fabric stock at factory level is not visible to IS team †¢ Sourcing for fabric is not done for Institutional customers Process: †¢ Priority for Institutional orders are low †¢ Information is decentralized leading to a high turnaround time †¢ Bulk orders from Institutional customers leading to shortage of available capacity †¢ Slack information flow between brand and factory leading to delayed production Planning: †¢ Lack of planning and subsequent strategizing for achieving tar gets Problems with forecasting the sales of this channel †¢ Manufacturing for orders are done on an ad-hoc basis 5. 4: Process Improvement Plan The proposed solution has been broadly divided into short term actions and long term actions: Short term actions: a. Channel potential †¢ Dispel value chain image †¢ Communicate benefits of the channel †¢ Change accounting standards for brands for catering to IS b. Fabric stock visibility †¢ Catalogue of reserve stock in factory †¢ Swatch set, inventory record of current stock made visible to IS team c. Process capability †¢ Sourcing done on a limited scale by the IS team †¢ Book order for a limited quantity of core range during trade show Plant capacity set up to cater to Institutional customers exclusively Long term plans: †¢ Revamp Order Interface †¢ Integrate sourcing solutions †¢ Create and maintain a database of mills †¢ Create an online portal for centralized information stor age from the brand, factory and IS team †¢ Formulate ramp-up strategy †¢ Target a service level of 100% for orders within 5000 †¢ Process should be capable of handling 5000+ orders with a lead time of 45 days †¢ Target new segments to increase business volume †¢ Create a low price point brand, Byford, to cater to demand for price sensitive customers 5. 4. 1: Short term changes: Channel Potential: †¢ Apprehension of brands regarding profitability and quality of products offered Demand from this channel is an additional demand (basic difference from value channel) †¢ Quality assurance according to brand standards †¢ Adhering to predetermined discount slabs (PC:MRP ratio) †¢ Potential to facilitate fabric stock liquidation (AS has already prepared swatch set) Process Capability: †¢ NOS stock not always available leading to business loss in Core range †¢ IS team should form some sourcing capabilities by using the standard mills â₠¬ ¢ IS team can also book a certain range of core products during trade shows (brands currently identify 5 styles that will sell in IS) †¢ Separate plant capacity based on past year minimum demand per month for the past year Fabric stock visibility: Swatch set of reserve fabric stock to be made and sent to the IS team †¢ A basic database of current stock from traditional channel that the brand can offer for IS †¢ Information clarity between the stake holders for fabric stock to be centralized Key Changes: †¢ Central repository of information regarding reserve stock from factory and excess fabric stock from all national mills adhering to quality standards †¢ Repository periodically updated for fabric from current stock (dropped order) that can be offered to Institutional customers †¢ Agents have an upstream visibility regarding fabric on offer, therefore enabling queries to be addressed on first contact IS team and agent have stock visibility to reply to queries better, shortening the order capture time †¢ IS team itself explores sourcing options if fabric not present with brand †¢ Interaction with brand minimized regarding the fabric stock information †¢ Interactions between contact points in the whole process flow reduced Non-Availability of capacity: †¢ Plant capacity not allocated to Institutional sales †¢ Delay in order delivery due to lack of capacity †¢ Separate line to cater to IS specially during peak season (Aug/Sept) †¢ Line can be used for traditional channel in case capacity unutilized †¢ Factory to have the capability to manufacture 7000 units for IS per month 5. 4. 2: Long term plans: Strategic goals: Target a service level of 100% for orders within 5000 units †¢ Aim to serve 12 very large orders (revenue over Rs. 50,00,000 every fiscal year) †¢ Service an order with volumes larger than 5000 in 45 days lead time (considering fabric sourcing is required) Expansion: â⠂¬ ¢ Pharmaceutical sector contributes to 90% of the current business †¢ Decrease dependency on one sector by exploring new avenues †¢ Actively ask agents to promote business to new customers and provide incentive if a new sector is breached (volume orders) Brand development: †¢ Byford currently caters to Institutional customers †¢ Make Byford capable of servicing parallel industries like uniform orders, that are not being serviced by LBRDs Byford can service internal requirement for manufacturing industries that cannot be serviced because of price point issues (accept orders only beyond a certain volume) Key Changes: †¢ Interface is created to capture the entire information in an accessible format †¢ Interface provides information about style code, fabric properties, swatch, quantity available, estimated manufacturing capacity and price of product †¢ Processes typically addressed after an enquiry is expedited to be processed beforehand †¢ Cus tomer driven ordering system which minimizes the unstructured interaction between the various stakeholders †¢ Customer has ready information regarding the quantity available, fabric availability and tentative delivery dates Price, fabric and plant capacity issues are dealt with in a structured manner to avoid unnecessary delays n the system †¢ Information is centralized successfully and the interface can be further utilized by other channels (e. g: a Trade customer wants to order a Core range) 5. 5: Process Control Auditing Measures: †¢ Brands feel it is not profitable to sell to Institutional channel because of the 67. 3% transfer price between MFL & MGLRCL †¢ Monthly targets are affected as brands service IS orders †¢ Separate auditing for sales made through Institutional channels Process Capability: †¢ Measure of defects in delivery (quantity & quality) for orders accepted †¢ Measure to be Defects Per Hundred Opportunities †¢ Service level: the number of accepted enquiriesProcess Dashboard: a. Historical: †¢ Data for the past quarter †¢ Revenue †¢ Selling price †¢ CBA †¢ Orders accepted †¢ Orders served †¢ Monthly plant utilization b. Exceptions: †¢ Data outliers in business process †¢ Largest enquiry by volume †¢ Largest order accepted †¢ Longest delay c. Current status: †¢ Enquiries under process †¢ Enquiries potentially worth over Rs 10,00,000 †¢ Actual sales vs target sales d. Future: †¢ Current orders under process †¢ Utilization of plant capacity by IS †¢ Scheduled vs expected delivery dates 7. References: Toyota Kata: Managing People for Improvement, Adaptiveness and Superior Results by Mike Rother †¢ The Toyota Way by Jeffey Liker